Cicero, popularizing the Pythagorean heliocentrism in his Dream of Scipio, speaks of the sun as “the Lord,. Chief and Ruler of the other lights, the mind and guiding principle of the universe.” Invicta Roma was the empire of Sol Invictus or Kosmokrator (Ruler of Cosmos) and as such was “destined to rule the whole world” (Virgil).
When Rome succumbed to Jesus it did not embrace him as a Jewish teacher, a Rabbi, but as the sun god Helios (Apollo) whose halo used to symbolize the divine rank of Roman emperors as it now symbolizes the rank of sainthood. In other words, Jesus was naturalized as a Roman Catholic.
For centuries the Roman propaganda, especially Cicero's, proclaimed that the Jews were “a nation born to servitude” like all other “barbarians.” Therefore, from the historical Jesus of the Jews Rome wanted to disassociate itself once for all, or to replace him by Santa Claus. The first step in this direction was made when the basic notion of the heliocentrism and evolutionism were introduced into the “Ciceronian” Latin Vulgate. The notions of heliocentric jargon are ever present in Schoolmen's works, including Thomas Aquinas's.
Naturally, three years after publication of Copernicus's The Revolutions the Vulgate was recognized as “authentic” during the Fourth Session of the Council of Trent.. A. Hitler grasped the full meaning of this “recognition” when he mocked the Hebrew Bible as “Jewish folklore and therefore contemptible nonsense. And his ideologue, A. Rosenberg proclaimed to the whole world that “the earth-entered Jew lacks the soul.” Because for the Romans, slaves, like animals, were deprived of souls.
Sola Ecclesia vs. Sola Scriptura
There is this key event which unmasks the papal policy behind the promotion of the pagan heliocentrism and, at the same time, unravels all behind-the-scenes manipulations leading to what now can be perceived as the Galileo Show Trial of which the real purpose was to turn this ham mathematician into the True Martyr and the Idol of future generations of heliocentric scientists. Keep in mind that the protagonist of heliocentrism in Galileo's Dialogues who fronts for Galileo himself is called Salviati a variant of Salvator or Savior.
The main object of the Council of Trent was to face the religious challenge to papal authority expressed in the famous slogan Sola Scriptura. For the Reformation the ultimate authority which should be taken into consideration while disputing the problems of faith was to be the Bible and not the papal encyclicals or decrees.
This challenge was dealt with at the last opening on the 18th of January, 1562, all hesitation was set aside: Gaspar de Fosso, the Archbishop of Reggio made a speech in which he openly declared that tradition stood above Scripture. The authority of the church could therefore not be bound to the authority of the Scriptures, because the church had changed circumcision into baptism, Sabbath into Sunday, not by the command of Christ, but by its own authority. With this, to be sure, the last illusion was destroyed, and it was declared that tradition does not signify antiquity, but continual inspiration. (http://biblelight.net/bssb-1443-1444.htm)
So the letter of Cardinal Schoenberg printed together with Copernicus's book meant just that: the Church has the authority to reject the Biblical geocentrism and replace it with pagan heliocentrism. Sure, such a statement was never proclaimed officially but the church officials were well aware of the feeling of superiority of the Church over the Bible.
Using the language of Archbishop de Fosso we could say: Circumcision, Sabbath and Geocentrismn have not ceased by virtue of Christ's teaching (for he says that He has come to fulfill the law, not to destroy it), but they have been changed by the authority of the Church. You see, you have to believe in heliocentrism not because it is the truth but because the Church says it is the Scientific Truth.
Also arising from the council was a greater concern regarding decorum in art; the Council recognized the positive function art could serve, such as inspiring devotion. These concerns as illuminated by the Council of Trent and subsequent publications sponsored by the church all played a factor in the reception of Michelangelo's work.
Michelangelo included references to Dante and paganism, such as the mythic boatman Charon. In Dante's De Monarchia the “divine predestination” of the Roman people as the world ruling power is derived not from interpretations of the Hebrew prophets or from the appointments of Peter but proved from the genealogical tree of Aeneas and Creusa. Race and not religion is the decisive thing for Dante.
The Mind of the Pope who allegedly persecuted Galileo
Urban's lasting legacy was the Latin hymns of Catholicism, which were revised and rewritten, not only under his orders, but also with his active participation. The early Church chose to favor biblical canticles and psalms for its liturgy. One commentator on Urban's “improvements” has wisely observed that “Ambrose and Prudentius took something classical (i.e. pagan) and made it Christian; the revisers and their imitators took something Christian and tried to make it classical (pagan). The result may be sometimes perhaps poetry; but it is not piety.”
It was totally in the style of the English so-called Leda Bible which was so named from the decoration in the initial at the Epistle to the Hebrews which is a startling and incongruous woodcut of Jupiter visiting Leda in the guise of a swan. This and other decorations in the New Testament were taken from an edition of Ovid’s “Metamorphoses!” The Leda Bible also known as the Bishops' Bible became the backbone of the King James Version.
In harmony with the perennial Roman tradition Pope Urban VIII turned to magic and astrology for protection. He had astrologers cast the horoscopes of cardinals resident in Rome to find out when they would die; the details of his own horoscope were common currency in every street. Urban also ordered T. Campanella to perform a magical ceremony to protect him from the effects of an imminent lunar eclipse. Campanella, who had been arrested and imprisoned in 1589 for promoting classical communism and defending Galileo, had been released only a short time before the pope sent for him at the beginning of 1628.
In a ritual which Campanella seems to have devised for the occasion, a room in the Lateran palace was sealed; its walls were hung with white silk and sweet-smelling herbs and other substances were burned. Two large lamps represented the sun and moon, while other signs of the zodiac were present and astrological music, relating to Jupiter and Venus was played by people immune to evil astral influences. The intention was to create an alternative model of the heavens with favorable conjunctions of the stars and planets, whereby the malign effect of the lunar eclipse would be negated. The magical ceremony which Urban ordered T. Campanella to perform to ward off harm from a lunar eclipse and which incorporated the signs of the zodiac into an elaborate, far-from-Christian ceremony had been devised by Galileo when he taught mathematics at the University of Padua.
Astrology was built on the premise that the supralunary world of celestial bodies in constant motion influenced terrestrial events through the transmission of rays of light imparted with divine power. The human body was presumed to be a microscopic representation of the larger macrocosm of the universe. Celestial motion, combined with the qualities of individual celestial “bodies”, affected the four humors of the human body by imparting these light rays. In this way, celestial influence was held to be one of the most important determining factors that doctors considered when attempting to deal with human ailment.
If a doctor found that his patient’s horoscope predicted an early death, he could be more relaxed about the treatment because it would be ultimately useless. In 1608, the grand duchess of Tuscany, Christina wrote to Galileo asking him to cast a horoscope for her ill husband, Ferdinand I. Galileo wrote back on Jan 16, 1609, predicting a long life. Ferdinand died 22 days later. And that explains why Urban had chosen Campanella over Galileo to perform the magical ceremony.
That explains why Christian intellectuals considered astrological beliefs to represent an irreconcilable conflict with God's omnipotence. This was one of the issues for Parisian theologians who were involved in formulating the 219 Condemnations of 1277.
In 1301 the French astrologer Arnaud de Villeneuve prescribed the use of an astrological image for pope Boniface VIII's kidney stone. Campanella's two large lamp representing the sun and moon belong to the same department of astrology. Both de Villeneuve and Campanella were educated on the Arab astrologer Thabit's De imaginibus, a work articulating methods one may use to harness and direct celestial influence. The same method was used by the Queen of the British witches Sybil Leek while she was lecturing the NASA astronauts on her “scientific” astrology. Well, St. Thomas Aquinas went so far as to suggest that all terrestrial events depend upon celestial influence.
As late as 1799 the professor of astronomia at the University of Bologna was still required to produce an annual almanac for medical use. Professor Bernard Capp in his book English Almanacs 1500-1800: Astrology and the Popular Press (Cornell University Press, 1979) examined the contacts between members of the Royal Society in England and astrologers, and the concomitant continuing perception of astrology as a valuable academic discipline in 17th-century England.
Despite the religious opposition it encountered, a system of astrology based on Greek learning was quite attractive to the sophisticated intellectuals of the eighth and ninth -century Arabic world and those who employed them, because it promised to explain the universe in terms of a well-defined structure of interrelated “bodies” interacting in a predictable and logical fashion. Astrologers associated God not with the God of the Bible but with the Aristotelian Prime Mover or a huge engine setting in motion machina mundi.
Prime mover imparts motion to the sphere of Saturn, which in turn imparts motion of the Sphere of Jupiter and so forth, all the way down to the terrestrial realm, where earthly creatures receive the influence of the Prime Mover, altered by passage through each of the planetary spheres. The planets in this system could be best described as “cog-wheels”. In this way astrology was not far removed from modern mechanistic theories that are attractive, in part, because of their regularity and ability to explain the universe in a consistent mechanical manner. Let me remind in this context Dr. Jarvik's cold mechanical heart for a robot which can never replace the warm human heart. We cannot eat clock-work oranges. Can we?
Astrologers supplemented these mechanistic principles by ascribing characteristics to each zodiacal sign and planetary body based upon Egyptian and Roman mythology.
Another Arab astrologer, Al-Bitruji's book De motibus caelorum can be credited with with effective undermining of geocentric astronomy of the Bible. He postulated the existence of a set of poles for each planet, thus taking into account individual planetary rotations, rather than the single set of poles for the rotation of the universe around the Earth.
We may say that pope Urban VIII shared a folk belief in the ancient Mediterranean which was branded by the Bible as a superstition. Divination or “prophecy” through reading the signs and portents of the sky became also part of the state religion at Rome. There was a group of official priests known as augurs whose functions included reading omen in the sky. It turns out that Christianity did not eliminate the appeal of astrology to superstitious masses but actually reinforced it by establishing chairs of astrology in the centers of learning such as, for instance, La Sapienza.
In the world where Copernicus's sun god (Prime Mover) reigns supreme the Palestinians replaced the Jews as a “new chosen people”. They are showered billions of dollars for just being there and exterminating the “backward, superstitious Jews” who refuse to believe in Arab astrology embraced by the learned world as par excellence Science. The ancient wisdom warns, One of God's (not Prime Mover's) side is a majority. And that explains why the Jews are still with us and surely will survive a new flood of anti-Semitic propaganda and violence here and elsewhere.
Otherwise, we would be living in a cruel and inhuman world of Virgil's heliorobots “sacrificing” their own children:
I see…humanity in deadly sleep…
For Bacon and Newton, sheath’d in dismal steel,
Their terrors hang
Like iron scourges over Albion…
…cruel works
Of many wheels I view, wheel within wheel, with cogs tyrannic
W. Blake, Jerusalem
Saturday, March 8, 2008
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